Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles

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Abstract In this study, a quick, simple, cost-efficient, and green procedure for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesis was executed at 25°C using 5 easily accessible plants from Cameroon including Carica papaya, Achillea millefolium, Perilla frutescens, Ocimum gratissimum, and Garcinia kola. These plants served as capping and reducing agents, while the AgNO3 salt was the precursor. Initially, bioreduction of metallic Ag+ to Ag0 nanoparticles was established via a reduction in pH. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was primarily affirmed visually via a color change of the reaction mixtures with the ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy absorption peaks demonstrating that the synthesized particles were indeed AgNPs. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) showed the nanoparticles were crystalline in nature and had negative zeta potential (ζ-potential) values, which indicate they could be naturally stable. The phytochemical and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses revealed the possible phytochemicals in each aqueous plant extract responsible for reducing the Ag+ metallic ions to nanoparticles followed by capping and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The high-resolution transmission electrons microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs revealed nanoparticles of varying shapes and sizes. Also, micrographs from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed clouds of polydispersed nanoparticles, which were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy to be highly composed of Ag, with strong optical peaks around 3 kV. The results thus validate that these AgNPs can be efficiently formulated using easily available tropical plants for safe applications in various sectors such as medicine and agriculture.

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