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Mental health disorders among people living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Benin: the overlooked role of sleep quality

Article scientifique 2026 Anglais

Résumé

Background: Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and may be influenced by sleep quality; evidence from Benin remains limited. We assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and evaluated their association with sleep quality. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study at Benin's National Teaching Hospital from December 2023 to February 2024. Adults on ART ≥ 6 months were randomly sampled from the clinic registry. Validated tools were used: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, moderate-or-worse threshold ≥ 10; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, poor sleep > 5. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with depression and anxiety. Results: Among 312 participants (68.3% female; mean age 44.3 ± 12.3 years), the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 20.8% (n/N = 65/312) and 12.8% (n/N = 40/312), respectively; poor sleep quality was common (57.1%, n/N = 178/312). Good sleep quality was independently protective for both depression with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2-0.6 and anxiety (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9). Age ≥ 44 years was associated with higher odds of anxiety (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0-4.5), while other sociodemographic and clinical covariates were not independently associated. Conclusions: Moderate-or-worse depressive and anxiety symptoms are frequent among PLHIV in this setting, and sleep quality shows a robust independent association with both outcomes. Integrating routine mental-health and sleep screening with clear referral pathways within ART services is warranted; longitudinal and interventional studies should test whether improving sleep reduces symptoms and enhances ART outcomes.

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Ale, B., Assogba, C., Dansou, E., Ale, O., Koutangni, O., Alogou, A., Akpi, S., Damassoh, K., Youm, É., Wakaba, N., Assogba, H., Agbodandé, K., Kouanou, A., Ale, F. (2026). Mental health disorders among people living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Benin: the overlooked role of sleep quality. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.16.04076

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Auteur(s)

Boni Maxime Ale Calixte Oswald Assogba Eugénie Dansou Olushina Ayo Junior Ale Oswald Lionel Koutangni Adébiyi Raphaël K. Alogou Simon Giscard Akpi Kenneth Geovania Dèlonou Damassoh Éric Youm Nelly Njeri Wakaba Houénoudé Mickaël Arnaud Assogba Kouessi Anthelme Agbodandé Angèle Azon Kouanou Franck Biaou Guy Ale

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