African Journal of Biomedical Research

Résumé

Introduction : Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. Mutations in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes, which play an essential role in physiological processes, are likely to be involved in its development. The aim of our study was to assess the involvement of polymorphisms in the promoters of genes in the matrix metalloproteinase family (MMP-11607-1G/2G and MMP-31171-5A/6A) in the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso.Method : This was a case-control study involving 140 breast tissues, 70 of which were histologically confirmed breast cancer and 70 benign tumours. MMP-11607-1G/2G and MMP-31171-5A/6A polymorphisms were genotyped using allele-specific PCR. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the level of risk. The results were statistically significant for p-value < 0.05.Results : The genotypic frequencies of homozygotes (2G2G), (1G1G) and heterozygotes (1G2G) were respectively 50%, 44.23% and 5.77% in breast cancer patients and 1.92%, 32.69% and 65.38% in controls respectively for the MMP11607-1G/2G. For the MMP-31171-5A/6A gene, the genotypic frequencies of homozygotes (5A5A), (5A6A) and homozygotes (6A6A) were 36.54%, 61.54% and 1.92% in cases and 71.15%, 25% and 3.85% in controls respectively.The 2G2G genotype of the MMP11607-1G/2G polymorphism (OR=2.71, CI (95%) = 1.04 -7.08 p = 0.03), the heterozygous 5A6A genotype of the MMP-31171-5A/6A polymorphism (OR=1.98, CI (95%) = 1.00 - 3.93 p= 0.04) and the combined presence of the 2G2G + 5A6A genotypes (OR= 3.94, CI 95%= 1.13 - 13.70 ; p=0.03) were associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. No association was found between these polymorphisms and histological type or Scarff, Bloom and Richardson (SBR) histopronostic grade (p>0.05).Conclusion : This study showed that the homozygous 2G2G and heterozygous 5A6A genotypes of the MMP11607-1G/2G and MMP31171-5A/6A polymorphisms, respectively, may be associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso.

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