Evaluation of the effect of implant scan body materials, alignment, exposed heights, and inter-scan body distances on the accuracy of digital implant impressions

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Abstract Background. An accurate digital impression of the scan body is essential to replicate the actual implant position in the software program. However, studies analyzing the scanning accuracy using different scan body materials, angulations, exposures, and inter-scan body distances are scarce. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of scan body materials, alignment, exposed heights, and inter-scan body distances on the accuracy of digital impressions. Methods. Two edentulous maxillary epoxy models were used in this study. The first model had 4 dummy implants (Dentium Superline; Dentium Co, Ltd). Two scan body materials, namely PEEK and titanium were tested together with the variable inter-scan body distances. The second model had 6 dummy implants; 3 with different angulations and 3 placed at different levels from the gingival margin. PEEK scan bodies were attached to all implants that were scanned by using a laboratory scanner. All standard tessellation language (STL) files were imported into a surface matching software program (GOM Inspect; GOM). Linear and angular deviation measurements were made. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was used. Comparison between the study was done using the appropriate test. Results. The linear and angular deviation values (µm) of the titanium group were higher than the PEEK group. Both linear and angular deviation values(µm) were significantly higher in the long inter-scan body distance group than the short one (P = .002). Regarding the effect of the angulation, the highest deviation values (µm) were recorded at the 30-degree angulation with no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups (P = .41). Regarding scan body exposed heights, the linear and angular deviation values (µm) were significantly increased (P < .001) as the supragingival exposed height of the scan body was reduced. Conclusions. PEEK scan body material, with a short inter-scan body distance and more exposed part of the scan body can enhance the accuracy of the digital impression. Scan body angulation did not significantly affect the accuracy of the digital impression although more deviation was reported with 30-degree angulation.

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