Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological insights with case reports

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Background Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor classified among myoepithelial and epithelial-myoepithelial tumors. While it can occur in various locations, its presence in the mammary gland is extremely uncommon. The diagnosis relies heavily on histological and immunohistochemical characteristics, as radiological findings are often non-specific. Case Presentations Case 1: A 46-year-old woman presented with an ulcerated inflammatory mass in the left breast, evolving for one year. Clinical examination revealed multiple masses and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. Initial biopsies suggested intraductal papilloma, but subsequent analysis confirmed adenomyoepithelioma after a macro biopsy. A mastectomy was performed, revealing a solid-cystic lesion with clear surgical margins, and the patient had a favorable postoperative course. Case 2: A 38-year-old woman presented with an irregular mass at the junction of the upper quadrants of her right breast. Imaging revealed complex solid masses, leading to a diagnosis of adenomyoepithelioma with malignant transformation. A modified radical mastectomy was performed, followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The patient tolerated the treatment well and exhibited good clinical progress. Conclusion Adenomyoepithelioma, though rare, can manifest with diverse clinical and imaging features, sometimes mimicking more common breast lesions. Accurate diagnosis often requires comprehensive histological examination. These cases underscore the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation and tailored surgical management to optimize patient outcomes.

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