The efficacy of silica nanospheres decorated with photosensitizers for oryzaephilus surinamensis and lasioderma serricorne control

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Abstract Saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis and cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne are major stored grain pests. The development of more efficient and persistent silica nanospheres decorated with photosensitizers is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional synthetic chemical insecticides. The characterization of silica nanosphere photosensitizer rose bengal (SNP1), silica nanosphere photosensitizer methylene blue (SNP2), silica nanospheres (SNs), rose bengal (RB), and methylene blue (MB) were estimated. The conjugation process between SNs and photosensitizers was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction, fourier transforms infrared spectroscopic, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The structural morphology of SNP1, SNP2 and SNs was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Bioassays were also carried out to evaluate the effects of sub-lethal concentrations (LC50) of the five substances against O. surinamensis and l. serricorne. As compared by LC50 values, the order of toxicity was SNP1 ˃ SNP2 ˃ SNs ˃ RB ˃ MB after three hours of exposure to sunlight.

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