Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiogram among Medical Undergraduate Students of a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria

Résumé

Nasal carriage plays a crucial role in the transmission _Staphylococcus aureus _(_S. aureus_) infection in hospital settings and methicillin-resistant strains in particular have become a major issue worldwide. The aim of this study is to assess the nasal carriage of _S. aureus _and methicillin resistant strain among medical undergraduate students of a private University in Ogun state. A total of 200 nasal swabs were collected from the consenting study participants and streaked on mannitol salt and chocolate agar. Culture plates were incubated at 37℃ for 18-24hours and isolates were identified using Gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by both disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. Percentage occurrence of _S. aureus_ among the study participants was 34%. Occurrence of methicillin sensitive _S. aureus _(MSSA) was 38.2%; while that of methicillin resistant _S. aureus_ (MRSA) was 61.8%. Highest nasal carriage of MRSA was found among the medicine and surgery students (30%). The 500 level students were the most colonized by MRSA strains with a prevalence of 66.6%. Amongst the six antibiotics tested, vancomycin and cefoxitin had the highest resistance rate, 47.1% and 61.8%, respectively, while clindamycin and erythromycin were the most sensitive of all the antibiotics assayed, recording a susceptibility rate of 70.6%, each. A major risk factor associated with the occurrence of MRSA is misuse of antibiotics. To this end, policy regulation on antibiotics prescription and usage, as well as guidelines on MRSA detection and control measures is therefore very crucial to stem the upsurge of resistant strains.

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