Measurement device-independent quantum key distribution with vortex vector modes under diverse weather conditions
Résumé
Abstract Most quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes exploiting orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying optical beams are based on conventional set-ups, opening up the possibility of detector side-channel attacks. These optical beams also suffer from spatial aberrations due to atmospheric turbulence and unfavorable weather conditions. Consequently, we introduce a measurement device-independent (MDI) QKD implemented with vortex vector modes. We study the transmission of vector vortex and scalar beams through a turbulent atmospheric link under diverse weather conditions such as rain or haze. By utilizing the vector vortex beams, which has largely been ignored in the literature, we demonstrate that a maximum secure key transmission distance of 178 km can be achieved under clear conditions. When raindrops have a diameter of 6 mm and fog particles have a radius of 0.5 $\mu$m, the signals can reach 152 km and 160 km, respectively. Since these distances are comparable, this work sheds light into the feasibility of implementing MDI-QKD using vortex vector modes and opens the door to long-distance quantum secure communications.
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