Métodos contraceptivos: Principais riscos e efeitos adversos

Résumé

Hormonal contraceptives are contraceptive methods considered reversible, they contain in their composition hormones that are produced by women and thus manage to control ovulation and hinder the fertilization process. A worrying issue regarding the use of these medications concerns the neglect to use other contraceptives that prevent the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Therefore, the present study aims to demonstrate which are the main risks and adverse effects of contraceptive methods, showing which age groups are at greatest risk, which methods are better accepted by women as well as those which are more secure. This study consists of a literature review, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, scientific studies were analyzed on the main contraceptive methods comprised in the period from 2015 to 2019 collected in the following databases: Scielo, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The results show that women using contraceptive methods had an increased risk of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke compared to non-users, but a relative risk, which does not seem to be so high, in relation to the use of the uterine device, the same showed that the probability of perforations occurring is minimal and is generally correlated with other factors, in addition some women reported feeling that increased body weight, mood swings, breast pain, headache, abdominal pain while using contraceptives. In general, the article shows that contraceptive methods are generally safe, with some risks, but the occurrence rate is small, in addition some women have many adverse effects, which can limit adherence to contraceptive methods, since it is extremely important that the patient feels comfortable when using the medication.

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