Applying geomatics techniques for documenting heritage buildings in Aswan region, Egypt: A Case study of the Temple of Abu Simbel.

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Abstract Conservation and restoration of heritage sites have recently become more popular through 3-D modelling and digital documentation of heritage. The main objective of the current study is to develop a digital documentation process for Abu Simbel temple, which is one of the most famous archaeological sites in Egypt, focusing on its potential to replace obsolete methods of building heritage documentation using laser scanning. A combination of various techniques was used to produce a 3-D digital model. A precise geodetic network has been established around the temple, consisting of five points that helped in producing the 3-D model with geographic coordinates which through the rate of deformation around the temple could be calculated. Afterward, 52 scans of the temple facade and its interior parts were taken with the use of Trimble TX6 laser scanner. A 3-D digital model of the temple was obtained, encompassing geometric data, structural, architectural, and historical details as well as non-engineering data, including appearance, inscriptions, and material details. Outputs from the 3-D point cloud model exhibit a 6 mm spacing between points with a standard error of 4 mm and a standard deviation of 5 mm. In addition, a virtual tour was conducted in the temple including 61 panoramic images. Moreover, this a virtual tour would help in enhancing historical awareness, promoting tourism, and also enabling restoration work on any part that is vulnerable to deformation for any reason.

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