Influence of edaphic conditions on the biochemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Ceratonia siliqua L. pulp in the Moroccan Middle Atlas

Résumé

The carob tree ( Ceratonia siliqua L. ), a leguminous species, is a tree of significant socio-economic, environmental, industrial, and pharmacological value within agro-sylvo-pastoral systems. The carob pulp is utilized despite its antioxidant activity and its richness in bioactive compounds. This study highlights the influence of edaphic conditions on the biochemical compounds in and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Ceratonia siliqua L. pulp in six geographic zones in the Middle Atlas of Morocco. Carob pulp extract (PE) from Sidi Hsine had the highest level of bioactive compounds: 2.36 ± 0.03 mg GA eq/g dry weight and 2.007 ± 0.017 mg rutin eq/g DM for total polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively, with heavy-metal rich soil. The carob PE from Lehri had the highest content of water-soluble tannins (6.846 ± 0.061 mg EAT/g DM) and the lowest calcium and highest iron level in the soil. Principal Component Analysis revealed the effect of soil analysis on carob biochemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This work provides insight into the carob pulp from each zone and its value based on its biochemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

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