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Asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in sugar cane and rice development areas of Ethiopia

Article scientifique 2023 Anglais

Résumé

Abstract Background Water resource development projects such as dams and irrigation schemes have a positive impact on food security and poverty reduction but might result in increased prevalence of malaria. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the dry and wet seasons in irrigated and non-irrigated clusters of Arjo sugarcane and Gambella rice development areas of Ethiopia in 2019. A total of 4464 and 2176 blood samples were collected from Arjo and Gambella. A subset of 2244 microscopy negative blood samples were analyzed by PCR. Results Prevalence by microscopy was 2.0% (88/4464) in Arjo and 6.1% (133/2176) in Gambella. In Gambella, prevalence was significantly higher in irrigated clusters (10.4% vs 3.6%) than in non-irrigated clusters (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in Arjo (2.0% vs 2.0%; p = 0.993). Level of education was an individual risk factors associated with infection in Arjo [AOR: 3.2; 95%CI (1.27–8.16)] and in Gambella [AOR: 1.7; 95%CI (1.06–2.82)]. While duration of stay in the area for < 6 months [AOR: 4.7; 95%CI (1.84–12.15)] and being a migrant worker [AOR: 4.7; 95%CI (3.01–7.17)] were risk factors in Gambella. Season [AOR: 15.9; 95%CI (6.01–42.04)], no ITN utilization [AOR: 22.3; 95%CI (7.74–64.34)] were risk factors in Arjo, and irrigation [AOR: 2.4; 95%CI (1.45–4.07)] and family size [AOR: 2.3; 95%CI (1.30–4.09)] risk factors in Gambella. Of the 1713 and 531 randomly selected smear negative samples from Arjo and Gambella and analyzed by PCR the presence of Plasmodium infection was 1.2% and 12.8%, respectively. P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. ovale were identified by PCR in both sites. Conclusion Strengthening malaria surveillance and control in project development areas and proper health education for at-risk groups residing or working in such development corridors is needed.

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Getachew, H., Demissew, A., Abossie, A., Habtamu, K., Wang, X., Zhong, D., Zhou, G., Lee, M., Hemming‐Schroeder, E., Bradley, L., Degefa, T., Hawaria, D., Tsegaye, A., Kazura, J., Koepfli, C., Yan, G., Yewhalaw, D. (2023). Asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in sugar cane and rice development areas of Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2692688/v1

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Hallelujah Getachew Assalif Demissew Ashenafi Abossie Kassahun Habtamu Xiaoming Wang Daibin Zhong Guofa Zhou Ming‐Chieh Lee Elizabeth Hemming‐Schroeder Lauren Bradley Teshome Degefa Dawit Hawaria Arega Tsegaye James W. Kazura Cristian Koepfli Guiyun Yan Delenasaw Yewhalaw

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