Health risks related to metallic trace element contamination of Quaternary groundwater on the west coast of Lomé, Togo (West Africa)

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Abstract This study focuses on the physico-chemical analysis of 24 well water samples (collected in March 2023) from the Kodjoviakopé district (Lomé) and the quality assessment by comparison with the WHO standard. The analysis focused on physico-chemical parameters such as turbidity, pH and conductivity and on some metallic trace elements (cadmium, lead, iron, arsenic, chromium). It emerges from the analysis of the results that the well waters of the Kodjoviakopé district are highly mineralized, contaminated with cadmium, lead and arsenic; with strong contamination factors. In descending order of content, we note 220 times the WHO standard for arsenic; 33.92 times for the lead and 1.76 times for cadmium. The other elements analyzed showed values ​​that remain low compared to the different concentrations set by the WHO for drinking water. Overall, the well waters of the Kodjoviakopé district are contaminated with regard to the results, therefore posing a public health problem for the population of this locality. Sensitizing and educating the population on the effects of water contaminants and the policy of drinking water supply and sanitation in the area must be a priority for the country's authority.

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