Deficit Irrigation and Mulching Impacts on Major Crop Yield and Water Efficiency: A Review
Résumé
The review examines the impact of deficit irrigation and mulching materials on crop yield and water use efficiency. The challenges posed by population growth and climate change necessitate new solutions to improve agriculture. The best irrigation strategies yield large yields for a given amount of water. Deficit irrigation and mulching significantly increase water use efficiency and crop yield for various crops. However, water supply constraints have led to the development of deficit irrigation; a strategy that maximizes water use efficiency without yield penalty. Mulch is a vital method for conserving soil moisture, preventing weed growth, reducing evaporation, and increasing infiltration of rainwater during the growing season. Different mulching methods and materials are used worldwide, with plastic and straw being the most popular and optimistic results. Straw mulch conserves higher soil moisture by 55% more compared to the control, and crops under straw mulch produce higher branches, fruit weight, and total yield. Polyethylene mulches have induced large increases in growth and yields for various vegetables, including tomato. However, the economic profitability of this mulch is low, so straw mulch is better for economic profitability. Plastic cover ridge furrow methods are better for increasing water use efficiency (WUE) and crop yield, reducing soil evaporation and erosion, increasing top soil temperature, creating a microenvironment for soil microbial activity, and increasing sustainability.
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