Factors Influencing Children Under-Five Immunization Coverage and Acceptance among Mothers and Caregivers in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana

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Abstract Background: Immunization is a cost-effective process of improving child survival in developing countries through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Childhood vaccination has shown to be effective in protecting children against vaccine-preventable diseases. Even though Ghana has adopted the World Health Organisation (WHO) initiative of EPI, a considerable portion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine-preventable diseases in certain municipalities. This study identified factors influencing immunization coverage and acceptance among children under-five years in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. A total of 416 mothers of children under-five years old were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and entered into EpiData. The data was transferred into STATA 15 for cleaning and analysis. We conduct a descriptive statistical analysis to characterize the data and a simple logistic regression at 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables of interest. The findings were presented in tables and charts with summary statistics.Results: A total of 70% of under-five children included in the study were fully immunized. All the basic vaccines recorded immunization coverage above 80%. While maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, and income were statistically significantly associated with under-five vaccination status, maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, employment status and income level were significant predictors of immunization acceptance among mothers and caregivers of children under-five.Conclusion: The immunization coverage of children under-five in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana is below the global recommended coverage of 80%. Maternal educational status, maternal age, ethnicity, employment status and income level were found to be significant predictors of both immunization coverage and acceptance. We recommend an immunisation health education interventions among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this study which may hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana.

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