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Distinct T cell functional profiles in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity

Article scientifique 2023 Anglais

Résumé

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children typically results in asymptomatic or mild disease. There is a paucity of studies on antiviral immunity in African children. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in 71 unvaccinated asymptomatic South African children who were seropositive or seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detectable in 83% of seropositive and 60% of seronegative children. Although the magnitude of the CD4+ T cell response did not differ significantly between the two groups, their functional profiles were distinct, with SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children exhibiting a higher proportion of polyfunctional T cells compared to their seronegative counterparts. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells in seronegative children was associated with the endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 IgG response. Overall, the presence of SARS-CoV-2-responding T cells in seronegative children may result from cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses and could contribute to the relative protection from disease observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected children.

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Benede, N., Tincho, M., Walters, A., Subbiah, V., Ngomti, A., Baguma, R., Butters, C., Mennen, M., Skelem, S., Adriaanse, M., Graan, S., Balla, S., Moyo-Gwete, T., Moore, P., Botha, M., Workman, L., Zar, H., Ntusi, N., Zühlke, L., Webb, K., Riou, C., Burgers, W., Keeton, R. (2023). Distinct T cell functional profiles in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.16.23290059

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Auteur(s)

Ntombi Benede Marius B. Tincho Avril Walters Vennesa Subbiah Amkele Ngomti Richard Baguma Claire Butters Mathilda Mennen Sango Skelem Marguerite Adriaanse Strauss van Graan Sashkia R. Balla Thandeka Moyo-Gwete Penny L. Moore Maresa Botha Lesley Workman Heather J. Zar Ntobeko Ntusi Liesl Zühlke Kate Webb Catherine Riou Wendy A. Burgers Roanne Keeton

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