Analyses métagénomiques de l’écosystème microbien vaginal pour étudier sa spécificité et sa dynamique

Résumé

This study is the first of its kind in Algeria. Its main objective is to highlight the particularity of the vaginal microbial ecosystem in healthy Algerian women of childbearing age and in the menopause. It was carried out on a hundred vaginal samples provided by the gynaecology department of a private hospital establishment (Bejaia, Algeria). For each woman, a clinical examination, a vaginal sampling and a quantification of oestradiol were performed. Microbial composition was determined by targeted metagenomic analysis of the V1-V3 regions of the 16S rDNA (bacteria) and STI1-STI2 of the 5.8S rDNA (yeasts). Illumina sequencing results were confirmed by qPCR. A specific profile of the composition and dynamics of the microbiota of the Algerian interviewed women was established in Community State Type (CST) based on the dominant Lactobacillus species. The composition of vaginal yeasts was also addressed during fertile life and menopause. All data concerning the physiological parameters of women were exploited to see the possible link between these and the composition of the vaginal microbiota or mycobiota. No correlation could be established between hormonal fluctuations, body mass index and the microbial composition of this niche. Knowing the composition of stable vaginal communities in a homeostatic state has become a primary medical objective for Algerian women. Personalised probiotics as well as personalised exposome analyses could be proposed for a better management of vaginal dysbiosis or menopausal discomfort.

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