Occurrence of Mutidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli in Raw Meat and Cloaca Swabs in Poultry Processed in Slaughter Slabs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Résumé

Abstract Background Increased prevalence of multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli in chicken meat indicates excessive use of antimicrobials in poultry production systems. We determined the occurrence of multiple drug resistant E. coli in raw meat and cloaca swabs in poultry processed in slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2020, in five large slaughter poultry slabs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Purposive sampling was used to select broilers and spent layers, from which meat and cloaca swabs were collected. MacConkey agar was used to isolate E. coli and identification was done using API 20E. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique was used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and results were interpreted as per CLSI (2018) guidelines. EBSL (CTX- M) and plasmid mediated quinolone genes (qnr A, qnr B, qnr S and aac(6')-Ib-cr) were detected using PCR. Results Out of the 384 samples, 212 (55.2%) were positive for E. coli, of which 147(69.3%) were resistant to multiple drugs (MDR). Isolates were very highly resistant to tetracycline (91.9%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80.5%), ampicillin (70.9%), and moderately resistant to ciprofloxacin (40.2%) and 25% cefotaxime (CTX), but had low resistance to 10.8% gentamycin (CN) and 8.6% imipenem (IMP) (95% CI, P< 0.01). Ten (10/212) (4.7%) isolates were confirmed as extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli, and were all MDR. The MDR E coli strains were highly resistant to cefotaxime (100%), ampicillin (90%) and moderately resistant to tetracycline (40%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (40%) and ciprofloxacin, lowly resistant to imipenem (10%) but fully susceptible to gentamycin. Quinolones resistant genes were seen in 8 out of the 10 ESBL producers.Conclusion The high levels of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics in poultry production means these agents are ineffective, add unnecessary cost to farmers and facilitate emergence and spread of resistance. The uncontrolled disposal of waste, seen in all the poultry slabs, has the potential to contaminate the environment with MDR bacteria, with eventual spread to humans and animals and demands intensified surveillance. Advocacy for prudent use of antimicrobials cannot be underscored in poultry production systems, in Tanzania.

Citer ce document

Accès au document

Ce document est hébergé sur son dépôt institutionnel d'origine.

Auteur(s)

Statistiques

Consultations : 1

Téléchargements : 0