A Geospatial Framework for Using QR/RFID Smart Markers to Preserve As‑Built Utility Networks and Reduce Subsurface Damage Risk

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This research presents a geospatial framework that integrates QR and RFID smart markers into warning tapes installed above buried utilities to preserve as‑built information and reduce subsurface damage risk. The system links physical markers to a cloud‑based database containing utility attributes, soil investigation data, geotechnical reports, GIS coordinates, and maintenance history. By scanning the marker, field engineers gain instant access to accurate subsurface information, eliminating uncertainty and preventing accidental utility strikes. The framework bridges the gap between buried assets and digital records, enhances excavation safety, reduces repeated soil investigations, and supports digital twin integration for smarter and more resilient infrastructure systems.

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