Phytochemical Screening of Ficus globosa Latex (Moraceae) as a Source of Novel Antimicrobial Compounds

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated the search for novel therapeutic agents from natural sources. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition of Ficus globosa latex and assessed its antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Latex was collected, authenticated, and processed through acetone precipitation followed by drying at 60°C for three weeks. Both fresh and dried latex samples underwent phytochemical screening using standard methods, revealing abundant quantities of resins, steroids, and terpenoids; moderate levels of flavonoids; and trace amounts of fats, oils, and hydrolysable glycosides. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against eight pathogenic microorganisms. The dried latex demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.89 mg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, 14.79 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, and 8.13 mg/mL against Aspergillus niger. In contrast, fresh latex showed activity only against B. subtilis. F. globosa latex exhibits promising antimicrobial activity, particularly against gram-positive bacteria, warranting further investigation for therapeutic applications. The presence of multiple bioactive compounds suggests potential mechanisms for its antimicrobial effects.

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