Recyclable cellulose aerogel-supported ZnO/CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 ternary nanocomposite for enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen in water

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Abstract Immobilizing photocatalysts on supports facilitates recovery and reuse while eliminating secondary water contamination from photocatalyst leaching. A zinc oxide (ZnO)/Cerium oxide (CeO 2 )/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) ternary nanocomposite was hydrothermally immobilized on cellulose aerogels (CAs) and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the nanocomposite’s presence on the CAs. Textural analysis revealed an increased surface area to 54.211 m 2 g −1 for CA-immobilized ZnO/CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 from 34.364 m 2 g −1 for the unimmobilized ZnO/CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 . Its effectiveness was tested in degrading acetaminophen, a model organic compound, in a continuous flow lab-scale tubular photoreactor, demonstrating enhanced performance with nanocomposite immobilization on the CAs. This enhancement was attributed to the dispersion of nanocomposite particles on the high-surface-area aerogels, exposing more active sites for redox reactions and acetaminophen molecule adsorption by the aerogels. The effects of flow rate, reactor volume, acetaminophen concentration and irradiation source were evaluated. The CA-immobilized ZnO/CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 achieved 90% and 78% degradation of 2 g ml −1 of acetaminophen at pH 7, circulated at 15 ml min −1 in 120 min under light emitting diode and ultraviolet-A irradiation, respectively. Recyclability tests showed good stability after three cycles, indicating its potential application for water decontamination.

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