In-vitro investigation of the remineralizing effect of sodium trimetaphosphate and fluoride varnishes using SEM-EDX and FTIR

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Background This study aimed to evaluate the remineralizing effect of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) combined with fluoride varnish on enamel subsurface lesions in vitro . Methods Fifty human enamel samples were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 10): sound enamel (S), demineralized enamel (SL), 5% NaF, 2.5% STMP/NaF, and 5% STMP/NaF. Remineralization was performed using a pH-cycling model. Surface and subsurface changes were analyzed using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests ( p < 0.05). Results The 5% STMP/NaF group showed significantly higher fluoride content and Ca/P ratios compared to other groups. FTIR analysis demonstrated enhanced phosphate band intensity and reduced carbonate substitution. Conclusion The addition of 5% STMP to fluoride varnish enhances enamel remineralization at both surface and subsurface levels.

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