Adaptive properties, yield structure elements and productivity of winter common wheat varieties of intensive type in the southern part of the Rostov region

Résumé

The current paper has presented the data of competitive variety testing of 11 winter common wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2018–2024, which were studied in such traits as productivity, number of heads per 1 m 2 , head length, number of spicklets per head, number of kernels per head, kernel weight per head, 1000-kernel weight. The largest winter wheat productivity was achieved in 2024, ranging from 12.4 t/ha (the variety Etyud) to 13.16 t/ha (the variety Donskaya step’). On average, over the years of 2018–2024, the highest yields were produced by the variety Razdolie with 10.66 t/ha and the variety Donskaya step’ with 10.32 t/ha. There have been calculated the stability and adaptability coefficients. There has been established that the varieties Razdolie (bi-1.19), Matritsa (bi-1.05) and Priazovie (bi-1.08) are of a high level of stability. The varieties Etyud (S 2 di-0.04, bi-0.95), Shef (S 2 di-0.03, bi-0.99), Yubiley Dona (S 2 di-0.03, bi-0.95), Donskaya Step’ (S 2 di-0.05, bi-0.96), Rubin Dona (S 2 di-0.06, bi-0.98) and Matritsa (S 2 di-0.01, bi-1.05) are with a high level of adaptability. Between 2018 and 2024, at the trials there were identified the varieties with the best productivity indicators. The varieties Razdolie and Matritsa have demonstrated the highest value of head density with 800 and 788 heads per m 2 , respectively. The varieties Razdolie (40.49 heads) and Priazovie (40.1 heads) were the best in the trait ‘a number of kernels per head’, while the variety Priazovie (1.72 g) and Zodiak (1.64 g) were the best in the trait ‘kernel weight per head’. These varieties are of great value in breeding work, since they can be used in crossings as the sources of valuable traits to develop new breeding material. The analysis of correlations has revealed which traits have the greatest effect on productivity. The most significant turned to be a number of heads per 1 m² (the correlation coefficient ranged from r = 0.45 ± 0.11 for the variety Razdolie to r = 0.69 ± 0.19 for the variety Etyud); a number of spikelets per head (the correlation coefficient ranged from r = 0.46 ± 0.14 for the variety Etyud to r = 0.89 ± 0.22 for the variety Matritsa). The purpose of the current study was is to identify the effect of yield structure elements on productivity, to calculate the correlation coefficients between productivity and yield structure elements, as well as the coefficients of adaptability and stability.

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