Why Disarmament Fails: Thinking ‘Human-Human Bond’ Approach in Managing Transnational Conflicts

Résumé

Can the human-human bond (H2HB) explain the ‘cooperate to disarm’ behaviour among border communities? This article develops the H2HB approach as an explanatory framework for understanding the variations in ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ bonds as a mediating factor in cooperative or competitive behaviour in collective interest situations. This article argues that cooperation is a _voluntaristic_ and _organic_ phenomenon which arises out of informal ethnic kinship networks (herein coined, hard bonds) as opposed to contractual obligation determined by states’ foreign policies or organizational formal structures (herein coined, soft bonds). To elaborate on this more theoretical argument, the article utilizes empirical evidence to demonstrate how the C2D model remains delusional. While the C2D was created as a formal structure to coordinate disarmament among the Karamoja Cluster community, the study shows that the model has morphed into a cyclic spectacle leading to a pervasive condition known as, _arming-to-disarm_ (A2D). Interestingly, rather than resorting to this pervasive approach, the community has evolved informal kinship networks and connections that are useful for their survival. Thus, the evolution of the informal approach validates the usefulness of the H2HB model in explaining the intractable cross-border (dis)armament phenomenon.

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