The pattern of thyroid cancers in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract BackgroundThyroid cancer is the commonest endocrine cancer. There are various histopathological types requiring different therapeutic approaches and having variable prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of thyroid cancers in Nigeria.MethodsThe systematically searched databases were African Journal Online, Google Scholar, PubMed and SCOPUS. The pre-print databases Research Square, SciELO and medRxiv were also systematically searched. Moreover, the available grey literature was keenly searched. The meta-analysis was done using Meta XL version 5. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The DerSimonian Laird random effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of the selected studies was determined using I2 statistic and the Cochran’s Q test. Publication bias was assessed with the LFK index and Doi plot.ResultsTwenty-six studies met the eligibility criteria. The total sample size was 1224. In Nigeria, thyroid cancer was most common in the 4th and 5th decades of life. It was 3.5 (95%CI: 3.0- 4.6, p<0.0001) times commoner in females than males. The pooled proportions of thyroid cancers included papillary thyroid cancer- 46% (95% CI: 40 -53), follicular thyroid cancer- 39% (95% CI: 32-45), medullary thyroid cancer – 7% (95% CI: 6 -9), and anaplastic thyroid cancer- 5% (95% CI: 3 -7). The trend showed a change from follicular cancer predominance to papillary cancer over the past two decades.ConclusionPapillary thyroid cancer is the commonest type in Nigeria. Thyroid cancer is seen more in females and it occurs most commonly in middle age.

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