Evaluating Healing-Built Environment Principles in South-Western Nigerian Hospitals: Patients' Perceptions, Integration and Implications for Healthcare Design
Résumé
The physical environment of healthcare facilities significantly influences patients’ comfort, recovery, and overall well-being. However, the integration of Healing-Built Environment (HBE) principles in Nigerian hospitals remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated patients’ perceptions of HBE principles in hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria, with a focus on Oyo State, using an adapted Environment-Occupant-Health (EOH) framework. A convergent mixed-methods design was adopted, combining questionnaire data from 403 hospital users with thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and thematic analysis assessed perceptions across four HBE dimensions: physical comfort, functional and spatial quality, aesthetic and psychological healing, and social support. Findings indicated inadequate integration of HBE principles, with an Overall HBE Index of 2.87, below the acceptable benchmark. Social interaction and supportive environment recorded the highest mean score (2.95), while relaxing atmosphere and aesthetic qualities had the lowest (2.80). Educational level (p = 0.022) and hospital type (p < 0.001) significantly influenced perceptions, whereas age showed no significant effect (p = 0.152). Qualitative findings identified cleanliness, ventilation, lighting, noise, spatial adequacy, aesthetics, and privacy as key factors influencing patient experience. The study concludes that HBE principles remain insufficiently integrated in hospitals and recommends evidence-based, patient-centred design strategies in healthcare planning and redevelopment to enhance comfort, recovery, and well-being.
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