Epidemiology of Dermatophytes and Non Dermatophyte Molds among Patients Attending Rank Higher Specialized Dermatology Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Abstract Background Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that infect keratinized tissuescausing diseases known as dermatophytosis. Dermatophytosis is common worldwide and continues to increase. Objective This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes and the spectrum of fungal agents in patients attending Rank higher clinic. Methods a cross sectional study has been conducted, in which 318 Samples from 318 suspected patient was collected from hair, nail and skin. A portion of each sample was examined microscopically and the remaining portion of each sample was cultured onto plates of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol with and without cycloheximide. Dermatophyte isolates were identified by studying macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of their colonies. Result Of 318 samples, fungi were detected in 133 (54.4%) by direct wet mount while 148/315(46.5%) of them were culture positive. From these 72/148(46.8%) were dermatophytes. Among dermatophyte isolates T. tonsurans 29/72(40.2%) was the most common cause of infection. Tinea capitis was the predominant clinical manifestation accounting for 170/315(53.4%) of the cases. Patients with age group 1-14 years were more affected.T. tonsurans was the most common pathogen in tinea capitis, whereas T. mentagrophytes was the most common pathogen in tinea corporis. Conclusion In this study the prevalence of dermatophytes were higher in tinea capitis 46/72(63.8%) and T.tonsurans29/72(40%) was the dominant isolated dermatophyte. Recovery of large number of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte fungi in our study showed that Non-dermatophyte fungi are emerging as important causes of dermatophytosis warranting further intensive epidemiological studies which have public health significance are needed.

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