Recovery and Assessment of Pomological Diversity of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Cultivars in Tunisia

Résumé

Citrus fruits are among the most popular crops worldwide.Its species are cultivated all over the world not only for their economic values and nutritional properties but also for their valuable genetic material in breeding process.In Tunisia, Citrus industry occupies also a paramount importance in the agricultural sector being one of the strategic products.However, little is known about the pomological diversity of Tunisian sweet oranges specifically minor cultivars whose description is mainly given through folk tales.Thus, several investigations were undertaken aiming to collect and to characterize the orange local germplasm.These allowed the identification of 25 different local cultivars including minor ones listed for the first time.Ten quantitative and 19 qualitative traits were measured.The experimental results revealed an overall diversity of the local citrus germplasm based on traits as fruit's dimensions shape and base shape, texture of surface, pulp firmness and vesicle thickness.Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was very useful in distinguishing local orange cultivars.Superior traits characterized mainly the minor cultivars such as 'Boukhobza', 'Meski Ansli', 'Meski Ahmer', 'Ballerin', 'Malti Twil', 'Beldi Abiadh', 'Beldi Ahmer' and 'Malti Trabelsi' pointing out the need to conservate it to avoid the risk of genetic erosion of these ones.

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