Malaria Vector Survivorship Linked to Irrigated Sugarcane Plantation Scheme in Ethiopia

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Abstract Background: To ensure food security, the sub-Saharan Africa has initiated massive water resource development projects in recent years. However, such environmental modifications affect the survivorship and development of mosquitoes that are vectors of different diseases. This study aimed at determining the effects of irrigation practices on development and survivorship of Anopheles gambiae s.l in Ethiopia. Methods: Life-table experiment was conducted to examine the effect of environmental modification on survivorship of both immature and adults An. gambiae s.l. in irrigated and non-irrigated areas. The pupation rate and development time of the immatures and adult longevity and fecundity were compared between the two settings.Results: The estimated mean survival time of female An. gambiae s.l. in irrigated and non-irrigated area was 37.9 and 31.3 days, respectively. A survival analysis showed that adult females of An. gambiae s.l. placed in irrigated area lived significantly longer than those at the non-irrigated area (χ2 = 18.3, df = 1, p <0.001) and An. gambiae s.l. females lived significantly longer than males in both areas (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Adult An. gambiae s.l. survivorship was found to be enhanced in irrigated area compared to non-irrigated area. Longer survival of adult mosquito in irrigated area could have important implications in vectorial capacity and hence malaria transmission.

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