Stakeholder analysis as a tool for sustainable health and welfare interventions: A case of working donkeys in rural and peri-urban areas of Kenya
Résumé
Abstract Addressing the health and welfare challenges that working donkeys face requires a multidimensional, stakeholder-engaged approach. Stakeholders presumed to play a role in the health and welfare of working donkeys were identified through snowball sampling. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were used to collect qualitative data via unstructured questionnaires to determine linkages, roles, interests, and influences via pairwise ranking, stakeholders’ centrality analysis, and visualisation using NodeXL Basic. The study revealed that 20 stakeholders were involved in providing health and welfare for working donkeys due to their positions and influence in decision-making. Donkey owners and users (0.84), local Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) (0.68), Government Department of Veterinary Services (0.42), academic institutions (0.37), and International Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) (0.37) were the key stakeholders based on degree centrality. Interactions among the stakeholders were high, as indicated by the average closeness centrality. The users and the local NGO were the gatekeepers to information based on betweenness centrality. Interactions and relationships among stakeholders have a powerful influence on working donkeys and can serve as a foundation for continued engagement through the sharing of perspectives, experiences, and opinions. The need to mainstream donkey health and welfare among other domestic animals in policy development and resource allocation for service delivery is critical. This holistic approach will not only promote the health and welfare of working donkeys and their owners who depend on them for income generation to support their livelihoods but also ensure the long-term viability of the donkeys as a source of employment.
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