Prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti in clinical blood samples and mosquitoes in Matayos, Busia County-Kenya, within the context of climate change

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Abstract Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne disease which leads to abnormal painful enlarged body parts, severe disability and social stigma. Early diagnosis and interventions are paramount towards achieving the elimination goal. We screened Wuchereria bancrofti in Matayos constituency in Busia County. Blood samples were collected from 23 clinical units selected purposively based on clinical case reports. Finger prick and/or venous blood sampling and mosquito collections was carried out. Antigenaemia and filarial DNA prevalence were determined. infection rates on mosquito pools were estimated. SPSS version 27 was used for descriptive statistics analysis. A total of 262 participants were recruited, 73.3% of the participants were asymptomatic, 14.1% had swollen legs, 5.3% had painful legs and 3.8% with scrotal swellings. Antigenemia prevalence was 35.9% and DNA prevalence was at 8.0%. A total of 1305 mosquitoes were collected belonging to different species. Two pools out of 78 were positive for filarial DNA with a minimum infection rate of 0.15%. Antigenaemia and infected mosquitoes indicate active transmission. The clinical signs are evidence that filarial infections have been in circulation for over 10 years. Further screening, Mass Drug Administration (MDA), Morbidity management and enhanced mosquito controls are highly recommended.

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